The 36th Infantry Division, also known as the "Texas Division," was a unit of the United States Army that served during World War I. The division was composed primarily of National Guard units from Texas and Oklahoma. It played a significant role in the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) on the Western Front during World War I. Here are key points about the 36th Infantry Division in World War I:
Formation and Composition:
- The 36th Division was originally organized in 1917 and was composed mainly of National Guard units from Texas and Oklahoma. The division's insignia, a T-patch, represents the "T" shape of Texas and was adopted as a distinctive unit insignia.
Training and Deployment:
- After training in the United States, the 36th Division arrived in France in July 1918. It underwent additional training under the command of General William R. Smith before being committed to combat.
Battle Participation:
- The division played a crucial role in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, one of the largest and most significant campaigns of the war. The offensive aimed to break the German defensive line and played a vital role in the overall success of the Allied forces.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive:
- The 36th Division's involvement in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive began in late September 1918. The division advanced through difficult terrain, faced stiff German resistance, and encountered challenges such as barbed wire and machine gun nests.
Actions at St. Etienne:
- One of the notable actions of the 36th Division during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive was its capture of St. Etienne on October 9, 1918. This success contributed to the overall Allied advance in the campaign.
Armistice and Occupation Duty:
- The armistice on November 11, 1918, marked the end of hostilities. Following the armistice, the 36th Division engaged in occupation duties in Germany before returning to the United States.
Casualties and Honors:
- The division suffered significant casualties during its time in France. It received several awards for its service, including the French Croix de Guerre for its actions in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
Post-War Legacy:
- After returning to the United States, the 36th Division was demobilized. The division's legacy continued in the Texas National Guard, and the unit was later reactivated for service in World War II and subsequent conflicts.
The 36th Infantry Division's contributions during World War I were part of the broader effort to secure victory on the Western Front. The division's performance in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive showcased the determination and bravery of the soldiers from Texas and Oklahoma who served in its ranks.
